衍射光栅槽形隆起的数学建模及演变规律

以79g/mm的中阶梯衍射光栅为目标,研究衍射光栅机械刻划过程中铝膜的槽形隆起机制。首先,经过4次坐标变换,建立了光栅槽形的塑流剖面。然后,基于Lee and Shaffer提出的滑移线场模型,在塑流剖面内建立起包含滞留区域的滑移现场模型,并根据Dewhurst and Collins提出的矩阵算法对滑移线场进行求解,最终得到槽形隆起尺寸模型。最后,通过DEFORM软件对槽形隆起尺寸的演变规律进行模拟分析。     

A bi-objective DC-optimal power flow model using linear relaxation-based second order cone programming and its Pareto Frontier

The DC optimal power flow (DC-OPF) plays an important role in the operation and planning of modern power systems. In this paper, a bi-objective DC-OPF model minimizing both network losses and generation costs is introduced, which can further be converted into a single objective model via the weighted sum method. Furthermore, the Pareto Frontier is employed to solve this problem. In the mathematical view, the model is a special non-convex quadratic constraints quadratic programming problem. In order to obtain a continuous Pareto Frontier, the original non-convex feasible region is relaxed to its convex hull using a linear relaxation-based second order cone programming method. Compared with the semi-definite relaxation method, the proposed method can greatly reduce the number of dummy variables and the complexity of solutions. Finally, simulations on eight small systems and four practical, large systems are performed, in addition to the comparison of a Monte Carlo simulation. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Validation of a CFD model with a synchronized triple‐lidar system in the wind turbine induction zone

A novel validation methodology allows verifying a CFD model over the entire wind turbine induction zone using measurements from three synchronized lidars. The validation procedure relies on spatially discretizing the probability density function of the measured free‐stream wind speed. The resulting distributions are reproduced numerically by weighting steady‐state Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes simulations accordingly. The only input varying between these computations is the velocity at the inlet boundary. The rotor is modelled using an actuator disc. So as to compare lidar and simulations, the spatial and temporal uncertainty of the measurements is quantified and propagated through the data processing. For all velocity components the maximal difference between measurements and model are below 4.5% relative to the average wind speed for most of the validation space. This applies to both mean and standard deviation. One rotor radius upstream the difference reaches maximally 1.3% for the axial component. © 2017 The Authors. Wind Energy Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flow and heat transfer of a Giesekus fluid in plane and 3D ducts

This study aims to investigate the Graetz problem of Newtonian and viscoelastic fluid obeying Giesekus model using ANSYS Polyflow solver. The non‐isothermal flow in straight ducts of circular and noncircular cross‐sections under the constant heat flux boundary conditions is considered. The effect of the mobility parameter (α), fluid elasticity defined by Weissenberg number (We) and Reynolds number (Re) on the flow field, secondary flows, and the fully developed and developing Nusselt number along the ducts length are investigated for all geometries. The obtained results are of great importance for practical application in the polymer industries such as polymer melt.     

抽水蓄能电站压力钢管焊缝应力测试与评价分析

为确保抽水蓄能电站机组通流部件的稳定运行,对球阀与压力钢管连接位置处焊缝应力进行了测试,利用球阀全开导叶全关时的静水压力对应力测点进行标定,进而获得了甩负荷情况下焊缝位置处的应力变化特征。数据分析结果表明:焊缝处各测点环向应力与球阀前压力呈正相关,相关系数大于0.94;焊缝处顺水流方向应力与压力呈负相关,相关系数小于-0.85;稳态发电工况及甩负荷过程中应力测点中存在明显的动静干涉频率成分;受水锤影响,最大应力变化产生于甩满负荷工况;最大应力值分析表明,压力钢管可以长期安全稳态的运行。     

Note on eddy formation for stokes flows in circular cavities

Abstract

In this note, a simple model of a circular cavity with two arcs rotated in opposite directions on the boundary is employed to demonstrate flow patterns of recirculation. A particular streamline “cutting” the domain into two separating eddies is formed as a circular arc. When the rotating angular speed of the arc is proportional to the length of the arc, the streamline degenerates to a straight line.     

Effects of powder flow properties on capsule filling weight uniformity

Filling capsules with the right amount of powder ingredients is an important quality parameter. The purpose of this study was to develop effective laboratory methods for characterizing flow properties of pharmaceutical powder blends and correlating such properties to weight variability in filled capsules. The methods used for powder flow characterization were bulk and tapped density, gravitational displacement rheometer (GDR) flow index, Freeman Technology V.4 (FT4) powder rheometer compressibility, FT4 basic flow energy (BFE), and cohesion parameters [cohesion, (C) and flow factor (ffc)] measured in a shear cell also using the FT4. Capsules were filled using an MG2-G140 continuous nozzle dosator capsule-filling machine. Powder flow properties were the most predominant factors affecting the weight and weight variability in the filled capsules. Results showed that the weight variability decreased with increasing bulk and tapped density, ffc and BFE, while the weight variability increased with increasing compressibility, cohesion and GDR flow index. Powder flow properties of the final blends were significantly correlated to the final capsule weight and weight variability of the filled capsules.     

Decision support in pre-hospital stroke care operations: A case of using simulation to improve eligibility of acute stroke patients for thrombolysis treatment

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and the sixth most common cause of disability worldwide. Treating acute ischemic stroke with thrombolytic therapy within 4.5 hours from symptom onset is effective in improving patient outcomes. The time from stroke onset to arrival to hospital has been identified as the single most important issue in determining patients' eligibility for stroke thrombolysis. There is a need for simultaneous systemic evaluation of multi-factorial interventions in pre-hospital acute care systems, aimed at increasing patients' eligibility for stroke thrombolysis. In this paper an OR solution is proposed in the form of a simulation model that provides clear measure of the relative benefit of alternative potential interventions, demonstrating how OR modeling can be used for providing decision support in pre-hospital stroke care operations and contributing to health OR literature.     

Three-Dimensional Analysis Method for Sloshing Behavior of Fast Breeder Reactor and Its Application to Uni- and Multi-Vessel Type FBRs

A three-dimensional analysis method for sloshing behavior of fast breeder reactor (FBRs) is developed. The method treats the coolant in a reactor vessel as a potential flow with moving liquid surfaces. The Laplace equation of a velocity potential is solved by a boundary element method with its boundary condition described by a Bernoulli equation.

The vibration test results of a rectangular water pool are calculated by the method. Then, the method is applied to analysis of sloshing behavior of uni- and multi-vessel type FBRs. The latter consists of vessels for the core, heat exchangers and pumps. These vessels are connected by piping. In the case of the uni-vessel type FBR, heat exchangers and pumps are placed in the reactor vessel. The characteristics of sloshing behavior of both the reactors are presented.     

Finding Order in a Chaotic World

Abstract

The World Wide Web (WWW) has a decentralized information environment and a non-linear (hypertext) information structure. This non-linear structure allows users to retrieve information at many different levels but also increases the difficulty of information retrieval. Unlike a well-developed CD-ROM database, the WWW does not have a controlled searching environment and information can be indexed in many different ways. It takes a well planned search strategy to perform an effective search in the labyrinth of the WWW. The SIRO (Systematic Information Retrieval/Organization) model offers a research planning process designed specifically for information seekers in the agricultural disciplines. The intention is to enhance search results and organize retrieved information. This process starts with the identification of the information structure on the WWW, then proceeds by organizing and analyzing information in a visual diagram or a “thinking map.” This process leads searchers to logical sources on the WWW and a systematic analysis of the result.